Princeton was designated county seat in 1845. It was named in commemoration of the Battle of Princeton in the American Revolutionary War.
Princeton is the birthplace and childhood home of Calamity Jane. In recognition of this Princeton hosts Calamity Jane Days Fall Festival each September. Martha Jane Cannary (aka Calamity Jane) was born May 1, 1852 in Princeton, Missouri, the oldest of six children. She had two brothers and three sisters. Parents Robert W. and Charlotte Cannary are listed in the 1860 census living nearby in Ravanna, Mercer County, Missouri. The Cannary family moved to Montana in 1865, then on to Salt Lake City, UT where Robert died.
Princeton is home to the Princeton R-V School District which consists of an elementary school (K-6), a junior high school (grades 7-8) and Princeton High School (grades 9-12). The Princeton High School athletic teams are known as the Princeton Tigers and the school colors are Blue and White. The Princeton Tigers are a charter member of the Grand River Conference.
The Princeton Tigers’ first state championship was won by the football team in 1968, the first year the Missouri State High School Athletics Association (MSHSAA) began conducting state championships in high school sports. The Princeton Tigers have won several conference and district championships, as well as three state championships.